Comparative analysis of lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery chemistry
performance across sub-zero operating conditions from -40°C to 25°C
✓ Sodium-ion Advantage
Superior cold-weather performance with 15-25% better capacity retention
below 0°C due to lower activation energy requirements
⚠ Critical Threshold
At -20°C, lithium-ion loses 38% capacity while sodium-ion retains 82%,
making Na-ion ideal for arctic and cold-climate applications
⚡ Resistance Factor
Internal resistance increases dramatically in cold for both chemistries,
but Na-ion maintains 45% lower resistance at -40°C